people become slaves. i wonder if>> i'm sure there ar. more to deal with the issues of the relationship between the military strife and slavery- certitude -- servitude. we all know there is a correlation. there are books that focus on not. i cannot bring any to the front of my mind just now. might example incorporates an assumption on the average duration. it captures the fact that people are caught in used for different amounts of time. and i have calculated the average duration of servitude based on the different categories, because they are different. again, speak to the importance

of doing actual data gathering. you can see that the circumstances get shorter and you can extrapolate a sense in a given year, how many people were in bondage. so, that is one way of going about it. another is to multiplied out and say at this point in time, people are coming in and out. at event -- at any given time, you would have this many. ilo, their number is from your a to your be, there were -- from year a to year b, there were x numbers of slaves in the world. is just a different way of doing mouth. >> thank you for that brilliant,

moving keynote address. it is what that conference desperately needed. make no apologies for crunching numbers. i know you are not apologizing. do not get depressed. we will solve all your questions in the next session. if not that one, surely the afternoon session. there is coffee upstairs. we want you back in 10, maximum 15 minutes. thank you very much. [applause] c-span3 >> explore the history and literary culture of new york for a capital city albany on c-span2 and c-span3. next, president obama likes the national christmas tree. after that, the capital -- capitol christmas tree lighting with john boehner.

tomorrow, on washington journal, guests discussed the latest on the so-called fiscal cliff negotiations and the week ahead. a politico reporter looks at the lobbyist involvement in those negotiations. and an update on the situation in syria. live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c- span. >> the supreme court will look at what was passed in 2008 by a majority of 63, i believe and they are going to say that is president. and indiana -- >> we are talking about facts. when they decided the indiana case, it was constitutional for them to establish it. they did not say all the states -- >> correct. they talked about indiana.

let me finish peeping >> you are misrepresenting. >> no, i am not. >> i hear these accusations that black people, a voter i.d. lost disproportionately affect minorities. it implies to me that we have something missing in our brains. to me, if white americans can get it to vote and go through all the processes to follow the laws, what are you telling black people? that somehow they are not able to? they are lesser the man? that is what bothers me about the rhetoric coming from democrats and the left. there has to be a specialness when we deal with minorities because they are too feeble minded. we really need to make concessions for them because they can follow the rules like everybody else. when you treat people like victims, then i don't think they

want to aspire. >> the editor and publisher of conservativeblackchick.com, krystle wright, sunday on q&a. president obama and his family took part in the national tree lighting ceremony. the ceremony started with calvin coolidge. here are highlights from the event held at the national mall. ♪ ♪ [applause] >> merry christmas, everybody! >> merry christmas!

>> it is great to see you all. happy holidays. happy holidays, mr. president. >> is it time? i think it's time. >> for the big button. >> i hope everybody is ready. [cheering] >> we have to do the countdown. starting with five -- 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. [cheers] ♪ >> merry christmas, everybody. ♪

>> please welcome the rector of washington st. john's church, the rev. dr. luis leon. >> let us about our heads in prayer. let us pray. gracious god, let us revisit this good plan for our heritage. we humbly pray we will always

allowed to do your will. we pray that you will save us from violence, discord, and confusion, from pride, arrogance and fear of each other. to send our liberties and fashioned into one united people the multitude. we pray that he will shower with your life giving spirit those with whom we trust the authority of our government. that we may be a blessing to all the nations of the world. in a time of prosperity, fill our thoughts with thankfulness, and let us not lose our trust in you. let this national tree be a reminder that in some inexplicable way you are standing next to us at all

times. all this we ask in your most holy name, amen. >> good evening. i have asked the national park foundation and the national park service. it is a privilege to participate in the national christmas tree lighting. 90 years ago, the scrams tradition -- this grand tradition began. through the years, the tradition has continued in times of peace and times of war. times of prosperity and times of hardship. steadfast and true for 90 years, we have come here. tonight, we gather in the majesty of president's park to honor this place. in our nation is woven together with moments and places such as these. each with a unique and honorable

story to share. places like that smelly, yosemite, yellowstone, places that the remind us of our leaders. in the places that honor our highest ideals and remind us of our greatest sacrifices -- the statue of liberty, pearl harbor, flight 93 -- these places, these stories, they are beautifully protected by the national parks service. however, these places do not exist if not for you. be dedicated individuals throughout time who've gathered to safeguard and share the story of america. now in our 45th year, the national parks foundation is proud to carry on this legacy. working with devoted citizens and the national parks service

to ensure our american story continues to be told. we invite you to join us and telling the story of america. so we can preserve this precious place for generations to come. now, please join me in welcoming rico rodriguez, and the first lady of the united states, michelle obama. [applause] >> thank you, rico. >> thank you. >> hi, guys. how are you doing? we are going to read a story. what do you think we are going to read? 'twas the night before christmas. rico and i are going to take turns. are you ready? 'twas the night before christmas

and all through the house not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse. the stockings were hung by the chimney with care. >> the children -- >> and mama and her kerchief and i and my cat had settled our brains for a long winter's nap. >> when alice on the roof there arose such a clatter i sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. >> i tore open the shutters and the sash. >> the moon on the crest of the new fallen snow gave the luster of midday to objects below. 1 what to my wondering eyes should appear? but a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer. >> i knew in a moment and must be saint nick. >> more rapid than eagles, he whistled and shouted and called them by name.

>> now dancer, now dasher, on comment, and to but, on donner and listen. >> to the top of the porch to the top of the wall. now-away,-away,-to weigh all. >> been met with an obstacle to this guy. >> so up to the housetop the coursers flew with a slate full of toys and st. nicholas, too. >> i heard on the roof the prancing and pawing of each little off keeping >> and down the chimney st. nicholas keane with of downed. >> his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot. >> he looked like a peddler just opening his back.

>> his cheeks were like roses. his nose like a cherry. >> his droll little mouth was drawn up like a boat, and the beard on his chin was as white as the snow. >> the smoke and circled his head like a wreath. >> he had a broad face and a little round belly that shook when he laughed like a bowlful of jelly. >> he was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf. i laughed at him in spite of myself. >> he gave me to know i had nothing to dread. >> he spoke not a word, but went straight to his work and filled all of the stockings and turned with a jerk. and laying is thinker a side of his nose, and giving a nod, up the chimney he rose. >> all they all flew. >> i heard him exclaim as he drove out of sight.

merry christmas to all and to all a good night. [applause] >> awesome. >> mr. president, first lady, first family, all of you who are here -- we are honored to be here with all of you this wonderful christmas season. a tradition today that dates back 90 years, a tradition that brings us to this special place to light our nation's spirit of peace and hope and joy. from coast to coast, from sea to shining sea, the national parks service weaves together the tapestry to tell the story of all of america and all of her people. thank you to the men and women

of the national parks service that protect our heritage for ourselves and for future generations to enjoy each and every day. you are the guardians of the 398 crown jewels that comprise america's best ideas. tonight, we come together with family and friends to celebrate and reflect on an this very special season. this tradition started almost 90 years ago. this event is watched by millions and millions of people all around the united states and the globe. let's welcome the season of joy once again, resulting to be the peacemakers, especially for those in greatest need. tonight, we are blessed as a

nation to have a president, barack obama as a leader of our nation and as a leader of the free world. in him, i know a heart that eliminates a great example of christ, whose birthday we celebrate across the world. in the president, i know a man whose life of service started a long time ago, helping those who were voiceless have a voice and live their god-given potential. and today as president of these united states, he worked tirelessly for all the people of our nation to build a world where all of god's people will have an opportunity to live their lives showered with the blessings in doubt -- and doubt by our creator.

it is with great joy and pride in introduce to you the 43rd president of united states of america, president barack obama. ♪ >> hey. merry christmas, everybody. michele told me to be brief because she wants to hear the music. thank you, secretary salazar for that generous introduction and for your dedication to protecting our national resources. i want to thank the national parks service team for putting on this beautiful production. let's give a hand it to neil

patrick harris and this evening 's performers. they performed a fantastic show. and i want to thank all of you for joining us for this great tradition. we have been lighting the national christmas tree for 90 years now. in times of war, peace, a triumph, tragedy. we have always come together to rejoice in the christmas spirit. our tree has been having a hard time the last few years. a longstanding trade was lost to the storm. it was replaced, but it did not take hold. it just goes to show. nobody's drugs are safe here in washington. [laughter] but i feel good about this one. it was planted before hurricane

sandy and made it through the storm in one piece. i know our neighbors to the north had a more ruthless and destructive sandy. it was especially difficult for families who lost everything in the storm. this is a time for us to be grateful for the heroism and the perseverance of the men and women who showed us that americans will always be stronger than the challenges that we face. as i did before thanksgiving, i can help but tell a story of their and during holiday spirit. in midland beach, new york, among the businesses devastated by the storm, a big christmas tree shines out of the darkness. as impacted families were still getting back to normal, one

local nursery donated the tree. another chipped in for the lights. and 70-year-old, and his longtime buddies in the area planted it at the end of the street overlooking the town beach. as tom says, the tree has one function. it is christmas time. not disaster time. that sounds right. it brings you the message of christmas and peace and goodwill to all. it has guided people all around the world through good times, but also through bad times. is a chance for all of us to open our hearts to the least fortunate among us. a chance to remember what christ taught us. it is truly more blessed to give than receive. that the simple gift brings the greatest joy.

a chance to count our blessings and give thanks to those outstanding service members. for americans of all backgrounds and beliefs, this holiday season is a reminder of the brotherhood and generosity that unites us as citizens. make every tree from midland beach to all across the country shine as a beacon of hope for all americans. i am going to ask michelle, malia, sasha, granma, and beau, i would like to wish each and every one of you a peaceful and joyful holiday season. god bless you and god bless america. [applause] >> we had to make the plan for

the invasion of japan without considering the atomic bomb. it was estimated it would cost to under 50,000 of our youngsters -- 250,000 of our youngsters. [bells ringing] >> as someone in the middle of this, i choose to honor both. the sacrifice of american servicemen fighting in the pacific and of a little girl who died as the result of an atomic bombing. it is unimaginable what that must have been like, to be close to that, to the hypocenter of were the fireball was initiated. >> follow clifton truman daniel in his journey to hiroshima.

the president's grandson joins us and bomb survivors. 9:00 p.m. eastern. >> on tuesday, house speaker john boehner participated in the official lighting of the capitol christmas tree. colorado lawmakers took part in the event. this is 30 minutes. >> good evening, everyone. and welcome to the 48th annual capitol christmas tree lighting ceremony. i am the architect of the capitol and i am honored to serve as your master of ceremonies tonight. for everyone's safety, we ask

that you stay in your seat until the conclusion of the program. >> every year, i look forward to this event to officially kick off the holiday season here on capitol hill. and even though the weather doesn't feel like it's december 4, nothing says christmas like the playing of festive holiday carols. i would like to extend a special thank you to the united states air force band under the direction of peter foliard and created this great and festive holiday mood. and gentlemen. [applause] -- let's give them a hand, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] >> and behind me stands the u.s. capitol's christmas tree, a majestic 73-foot spruce from colorado's white river national forest. [cheers and applause]

>> and in keeping with tradition, the speaker of the house, the honorable john boehner, will extend his holiday greetings to you and officially light this remarkable tree in a few moments. but before we get to that big moment, i'd like to welcome members of congress and distinguished guests, our capitol hill neighbors and those of you who are visiting our nation's capital. thank you for joining us this evening. i would like to acknowledge members of the colorado delegation in attendance this evening including senator mark udall, senator michael bennett, congressman scott tipton as well as former senator ben nighthorse campbell. [cheers and applause] >> and senator campbell, of

course, drove that tree 5,500 miles to washington dis-- d.c. [cheers and applause] >> now this incredibly beautiful tree has been decorated with ornaments crafted by colorado residents which reflect the theme celebrating our great outdoors. and speaking of ornaments, the u.s. capitol historical society produces a beautiful one to place upon this tree. and at this time, i would like to welcome its president, mr. ronald serrison. [applause] >> thank you very much. and ladies and gentlemen, mr. speaker, it is our pleasure, the u.s. capitol historical society every year to produce an ornament placed on this tree.

it is important because it is our 50th anniversary. the society was founded in 1962. it is a scene, a winter scene of the capitol dome with snow and so forth. very beautiful. you can purchase it at www.uschs.org. thank you very much for allowing us to be part of the program. >> thank you, ron. [applause] >> thank you so much, ron. and for more than 40 years, the u.s. forest service and architect of the capitol have partnered to bring a christmas tree to the capitol from one of our nation's 155 national forests. i would like to specifically thank the dedicated forest service staff from both here in washington and in colorado who helped make this event possible.

and let's give them a round of applause. [applause] >> joining us this evening is the honorable sherman, under secretary for natural resources and environment at the u.s. department of agriculture. he has a holiday message to share with you as well. [applause] >> speaker boehner, senators udall and bennett, congressman tipton and distinguished guests, on behalf of the secretary, tom vilsack and our chief of the forest service, i would like to say a few words if i can. each year, the capitol christmas tree comes from the u.s. forest service, which is an agency within usda and eachier we -- each year we select that tree from a different forest.

this tree is from a small town called meeker, colorado in the white river national forest in the high mountain areas of colorado. and it's a spruce tree and 73 feet tall and happens to be 74 years old. it's only the third time in colorado's history that colorado has provided the capitol christmas tree and i'm particularly proud of that since i'm a colorado resident. yay, colorado! [cheers and applause] >> we call this the people's tree for good reason and that's because it comes from our public lands, which are owned by all the people of the united states. and these are lands that provide recreation, wildlife habitat, clean water, clean air and the opportunity to connect with the great outdoors.

so this occasion tonight also gives us the opportunity to recognize some of the challenges that we have with our national forests, particularly the wildland fires we experienced last summer and the bark beetle. this tree reminds us if we work together and restore the health and the resiliency of these ecosystems, we can produce a new generation of healthy trees that will grow to be as magnificent as the tree behind me. we can work together at the local and national level and private-public partnerships and we can work together to bring this tree to you tonight. as we celebrate the holiday season, i ask that we take a moment to remember our brave men and women in our armed forces, a high proportion of them are from rural america and many of them are overseas today

away from their homes and families so we can be safe and free. we thank them for their service. thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you so much. this tree has been on a tremendous journey. in fact, it traveled 5,500 across the country from colorado. and just nine days ago, the tree arrived here on the west front of the capitol and our dedicated capitol grounds crew went to work to decorate it. didn't they do a fantastic job? [applause] >> let me also thank our capitol grounds superintendent who had the tough task of selecting just one tree from the many beautiful trees found in

the white river national forest. next, ladies and gentlemen, it's my honor and pleasure to introduce congressman scott tipton. he has been serving the people of the 3rd district of colorado in the u.s. house of representatives since 2010. congressman tipton. [applause] >> thank you, steve. i would like to thank the secretary for his kind comments and i think it's important to note in addition to our united states senators, we are joined by the entire colorado delegation. our members of congress, diana degette, jared polis, cory gardner and congressman perlmutter. i had the great privilege to be with our former senator in the shadow of the rocky mountains where this tree once stood and

we now have the high privilege of standing in the shadow of the capitol of the united states of america to be able to celebrate this season. when we went to carve that tree, we were joined there by members of the ute tribes. southern ute, no. uet, mountain ute. they are inherent to our area. the people of the ute tribes, they have a word that things are good -- to make sure that all is good. native american culture, it's about wind, about the sky, the land, and water. and from that, growth and life comes. this tree, which will represent the spirit of the state of colorado and indeed our nation speaks also to the importance as the secretary noted of forest health.

in the state of colorado, we have many challenges this last summer, with wildfires that destroyed property and indeed took lives. the importance of our forests we cannot overstate. proper responsible management to be able to get in and deal and create these healthy forests is essential for the beauty of our state and our nation. i would like to express to you from the people of the great state of colorado who are so proud to be able to have this tree represented in our nation's capitol, their heartiest merry christmas and happy holidays and god bless you all during this holiday season. [applause] >> it's my high honor to be able to introduce a colleague and friend and senator from the great state of colorado, michael bennett. [applause]

>> thank you everybody. it may not look like it, we are voting on the defense authorize age built. my job is to get from here to there before they close it and senator udall will follow me and give you a more proper talk. let me first say welcome to the rest of the colorado delegation and welcome to everyone who is here from colorado and welcome to washington, d.c., for this great night. all i want to say is thank you. there are people back in colorado who made it possible from officials working on the white river national forest to our native american friends and congressman tipton mentioned, to ben nighthorse campbell, who drove this truck across the country in a mack truck. those who are familiar or not familiar with a mack truck don't think it will fit, but he made it happen.

when it came to denver, my kids' first question was, dad, why can't you drive that truck? so thank you for that, senator campbell. and i want to say a profound thank you to speaker boehner and for the architect of the capitol who organized this event. this was a ton of work for a lot of people in our state. we are very proud of this tree being here and on behalf of the state of colorado, let me make the offer that we would like to do this every single year. finally, it's a great honor for me and it is and this isn't political talk, to introduce my senior senator, my friend, somebody -- there is no greater champion for forest health, special places in our state than mark udall. but he outdid himself when he went on a survey to find not particularly this tree, but a suitable tree, to stand here in front of the capitol years and years of mountaineering made

that possible. which give you the senior senator from the state of colorado, mark udall. [applause] >> i let senator bennett know he had to vote right. we will conference the defense authorization and get it to the president's desk. but we are here to celebrate the people's tree and that term was coined by one of the speakers, great predecessors, tip o'neill, he was here and lit the michigan tree and he declared that it would be an emblem of peace for the nation and the world. and that's exactly the purpose among many that this tree rements.

-- represents. since 1970, every capitol christmas tree has been cut from national forests from across our great country. it is 73 feet. engel man spruce has been cut from the white river national forest in meeker, colorado. and this has been a statewide celebration when we were chosen as the state from which the tree would come this year and i'm really glad to be here with you tonight. i want to express my gratitude to the ute tribes that are represented here today. their homelands were 1,500 years, they lived in these lands. i would like to acknowledge the utes, because they are a wonderful part of our state and heritage. [applause]

>> i have a long speech and normally, i would shorten it because it would be cold out here. for every degree under zero, your speech has to be reduced by one minute, but we do have a wonderful warm evening in which to celebrate this very important and moving event. i want to thank a number of participants who were involved in coordinating tonight's event. mack trucks, the colorado tourism office [applause] -- [applause] >> national association of convenience stores and vail resorts. these organizations all played a significant role in helping choose outdoors, which is the name of the organization and the national forest service to safely deliver this magnificent spruce from our own white river national forest. i'm proud to welcome fourth generation cheryl st. john, the winner of this year's art contest with our entry "awaiting spring."

which was inspired by the white river national forest. cheryl's appreciation for nature and environmental preservation can easily be seen through her artwork. congratulations are also in order for the winner of the capitol christmas tree song competition, lindsay lawler who wrote the song "standing tall." i am pleased to tell you that i am proceeding her. she is going to follow me and you will be very moved by this song and the way in which she will sing it to us. let's give her a round of applause, too. [applause] >> as i conclude, i hopefully don't have a long speech, i want to conclude in the same vein that congressman tipton and others, as we gaze upon the beauty of the people's tree may we stand here and remember that this tree is a symbol of our mission to protect and cherish our forests and there is

important work to be done to ensure our forests remain vibrant. we have seen in our state the effects of climate change from ongoing drought to weather conditions that have contributed to devastating wildfires and i look forward to working with my colleagues in congress to address this challenge. in just a few minutes, we will see ryan shuster flip the switch and officially light the 2012 united states capitol christmas tree. he is an eagle scout and shares my great love for the out of doors. ryan, it is great to have you here. i met your mother and father earlier today and what an honor for you to be part of this. as i make way for the speaker, i had a great 10 years in the house. some days, i miss the house, mr. speaker. [laughter] i want to again thank you for being here and i hope you get a chance to see the beautiful

ornaments up close. over 5,000 of them and hand made by the children of colorado and adults from corner of colorado to the other. so think of it as a way of wishing you a happy holiday season from colorado. thanks again for including me. we are proud to have the tree here from the great state of colorado. and i'll turn it back over to the architect of the capitol. [applause] >> thank you so much, senator udall. and now it's my pleasure to introduce, ms. lindsay lawler. she is the winner of the u.s. forest service song writing contest to create the official song for the capitol christmas tree and will be singing her original composition "standing tall." lindsay. [applause] >> thank you. this is a privilege to be here and i have never been here to washington, d.c., and it's my birthday.

so this is pretty special and privilege to be here with you. merry christmas. ♪ ♪ a cathedral past tennessee river carolina rain

all wide open road carried to home be a light in the dark for us all standing tall standing tall godly heavens angels above through your great wisdom and power protect the great land for us all be a light in the dark dark starts to fall standing tall standing tall like the soldier who laid down their life

so we all have the freedom we all have the right to believe in this dream for us all standing tall standing tall when we think of the soldier who laid down their life so we all have the freedom we all have the right to believe in this dream for us all standing tall

standing tall standing tall ♪ >> thank you so much. merry christmas. [applause] >> wow! that was magnificent. ladies and gentlemen, it's now my privilege to introduce the speaker of the house, john boehner has served the people of the 8th district in ohio and in congress since 1990 and held numerous leadership roles over

the years. in january, 2011, he became the 53rd speaker of the house. ladies and gentlemen, the honorable john boehner. [applause] >> well, steve, let me just say thanks to you and your team and the architect's office and the grounds crew have done a great job inputting this together. and let me thank the colorado delegation for being here. i would take credit for the weather. [laughter] >> but i thought the senators would do it before i did. [laughter] >> lindsay, great job and i'm glad we have nice weather so you could wear that pretty dress without having to put a big overcoat on it. let me say thank you to all of you here tonight. this great spruce has traveled many miles.

thanks to ben and his partner who brought the tree from colorado here. it's christmastime and it's the splendor of this tree calls to mind the star of bethlehem and the chance of the angels announcing a humble birth in a manger. the birth of christ fulfilled, the prophecy of salvation and giving a weary world a chance to rejoice and we will bring light to the tree that flour issues as a symbol of everlasting life. this tree will bring light to us, opening our hearts a little more to the needs of our neighbors and the conven ants we have made with one other. the celebration of christmas is not merely a story that occurred a long time ago. i think the real mystery is having that story reborn in our

souls just as the shepards were stirred by the angels singing "glory to god in the highest and on earth, peace and goodwill toward men." i offer you this simple phrase. god bless us, everyone. and from my family to yours, merry christmas. [applause] >> enough of the talk and enough of the speeches, let's get on with lighting the tree. [cheering] senator udall introduced our guest tonight. he is ryan shuster from colorado springs and he is a high school senior, more importantly, he's an eagle scout. so ryan, why don't you come up here and join me. hot if we can only find ryan -- if we can only find ryan.

there he is. there he is. button your coat. come on. [laughter] >> ryan, pictures last forever. now, here's the switch. lead us in a countdown starting with five. >> five, four, three, two, one. >> yay! >> good job. [band playing o christmas tree]

>> thank you so much speaker boehner. thank you, ryan. thank you, everyone, for joining speaker boehner. the colorado congressional congressional delegation and the united states air force band and for all of us of this year's lighting of the u.s. capitol tree. i wish you a merry christmas and a good night. [cheers and applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2012] ♪

>> explore the history and literary culture of new york's capital city, albany this weekend on c-span2. next, a ceremony marking the attack on pearl harbor. after that, a forum on modern- day slavery and trafficking. been a program on the state of u.s. health. >> on "newsmakers digest the new chairman of the democratic governors' association from vermont. he talks about the affordable care act as well as the fiscal cliff and plans for the 2014 elections. that is live sunday at 10:00

a.m.. then we will show it again at 6:00 p.m. eastern, on c-span. >> the supreme court will look at what was passed in 2008 by a majority of 623, i believe and they will say that impressed them. and indiana -- >> lets talk about facts. they decided in the indiana case it was constitutional for them to establish id. they did not say the other states -- >> correct. they decided about indiana. you are misrepresenting what i said. it was the law of the land. when i see these accusations that black people, of voter i.d. laws and disproportionately affect minorities, it implies to me that we have something missing in our brains. we are lesser than.

to me, if white americans can go through all the processes to follow the laws, what are you telling black people? but somehow they are not good enough? they are lesser then? that is what bothers me. a lot of the rhetoric coming from democrats and the last. we have to make special -- there has to be specialness when we deal with minorities because they are too feeble minded. we really need to make concessions for them because they cannot follow the rules like everybody else. when you treat people like that comes, then i don't think they want to was bair. >> more with the editor and publisher of conservat iveblackchick.com on c-span's q&a. veterans and their families

marked the anniversary of pearl harbor and in washington, d.c. this is 35 minutes. ♪ >> halt!

♪

>> halt! [indiscernible] march! [indiscernible]

>> ladies and gentlemen, are invocation will be delivered by julie rowling. -- julie rowan. >> our help is in the name of the lord who made heaven and earth. the souls of the righteous are in the hands of god. though their bodies be destroyed yet their name liveth forever more. let us pray. almighty god, creator and sustainer, we offer to you in thanksgiving and praise, today we remember a time of great tyranny in our world. we remember world war ii. we also remember those who stood before